Germany
Federal parliamentary republic · Europe · High income
Policies
Climate & Environment
Climate Protection Act (KSG) Amendment
Mandates 65% GHG reduction by 2030 (vs 1990) and climate neutrality by 2045. Sector-specific annual emission budgets with corrective mechanism.
Building Energy Act (GEG)
From 2024, every newly installed heating system must run on 65% renewable energy. Phase-out of oil and gas heating in new buildings.
Trade & Tariffs
EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
As EU member, applies CBAM requiring importers of carbon-intensive goods (steel, cement, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, hydrogen) to buy carbon certificates.
Immigration & Borders
Skilled Immigration Act (Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz)
Overhauled work immigration with new points-based Opportunity Card, relaxed credential recognition, and fast-track for IT specialists. Targets 400,000 skilled workers/year.
Common European Asylum System (CEAS) Reform
Germany implementing EU asylum reform with border procedures, solidarity mechanism, and faster processing. Transition period until 2026.
Policy Timeline
Latest official updates
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